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Once the termination codon is reached, peptidyl tRNA stops the synthesis of the polypeptide chain. The entire reaction is catalysed by ribosomal RNA.

The process of constructing protein is started when the start codon AUG is recognised by the tRNA.ĭuring the elongation phase of the translation, the mRNA triplet codon is “read” and complementary amino acid is added by the tRNA. Translation:ĭuring the translation, in the initiation step, the smaller and larger subunits of ribosome bind to the mRNA transcript at its binding site. mRNA is formed from the DNA through transcription while a chain of amino acid translated from the mRNA. Graphical illustration of the process of transcription and translation. The RNA polymerase completes the mRNA synthesis and detached once it reached the termination sequence.Ī single-stranded mRNA is now formed from the DNA which is called a “transcript”. In the elongation step, the gene starts unwinding, the RNA polymerase recognises each base and accordingly starts inserting complementary base pairs. Transcription:ĭuring the transcription, in the initiation step, the RNA polymerase II binds to the newly formed DNA at the site called promoter, located at the beginning of a gene.Ī promoter is a unique non-coding sequence or recognition sites at which different transcription factors bind. Steps in transcription and translation:īoth transcription and translation are broadly divided into three categories: initiation, elongation and termination. Once the mRNA is formed in the nucleus, it migrates from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm at the ribosome at where the entire process of translation leads to the construction of the polypeptide chain. The translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, specifically, at the ribosome, the process of protein formation happens.

The transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell, once the DNA is copied through the replication, immediately the process of transcript formation started. The occurrence of transcription and translation:

The process of constructing a chain of amino acid- a protein using tRNA and rRNA is known as translation. The process of mRNA construction from a gene using the RNA polymerase is known as transcription.